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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title> Ici THK — Cyberfeminism </title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/css/style.css">
    </head>
    <body>
        <header>
            <h1> <a href="../index.html">Ici THK</a> </h1>
            <h2> Subrosa </h2>
            <h3> Cyberfeminism</h3>
        </header>
        <main>
            <article>
                <aside>
                    <section id="author">
                        <h2>About the Author</h2>
                        <p>Subrosa is a collective of cyberfeminists artists and
                            researchers, critically dealing with issues about
                            technology and the body. <a href="https://cyberfeminism.net">https://cyberfeminism.net</a></p>
                    </section>
                    <section id="sources">
                        <h2>Sources</h2>
                        <p><a href="../assets/BookChapt_TacticalBiopolitics_subRosa.pdf">SubRosa Tactical Biopolitics</a>, chapter 14, pp.221-242 (Subrosa, 1999)</p>
                    </section>
                </aside>
                <section id="exploitation">
                    <h2> Common Knowledge and Political Love</h2>

		    <p>Under capitalism, femininity and gender roles became a
		       “labor” function, and women became a “labor class.” On
		       one hand, women’s bodies and labor are revered and
		       exploited as a “natural” resource, a biocommons or
		       commonwealth that is fundamental to maintaining and
		       continuing life: women are equated with “the lands,”
		       “mother-earth,” or “the homelands.”  On the other hand,
		       women’s sexual and reproductive labor—motherhood,
		       pregnancy, childbirth—is economically devalued and
		       socially degraded. In the Biotech Century, women’s bodies
		       have become flesh labs and Pharma-commons: They are
		       minedfor eggs, embryonic tissues, and stem cells for use
		       in medical, and therapeutic experiments, and are employed
		       as gestational wombs in assisted reproductive
		       technologies (ART).  Under such conditions, resistant
		       feminist discourses of the “body” emerge as an explicitly
		        biopolitical practice.</p>
                </section>
		<section id="primitive-accumulation">
		    <h2>Primitive Accumulation</h2>
		    <p>Human and animal bodies have been the most valuable
		       commodity in human culture since primitive accumulation
		       began. It follows, then, that bodies are also primary
		       sites of sovereignty, resistance, and contestation. In
		       this chapter, subRosa begins by tracing a brief history
		       of lay or “common” medical, and healing practices that
		       posed an embodied resistance to religious, medical, and
		       capitalist control of gendered bodies, reproduction, and
		       medical practices—and connects them to current social
		       struggles to create accessible and just public
		       health-care systems, biopolitical autonomy, and knowledge
		       in common.  Researching and learning from these histories
		        is fundamental to subRosa’s cultural practice.</p>
                </section>							
		<section id="resistance">						
		    <h2>Resistance</h2>
                    <p>Historically, women’s bodies have been notoriously
		       resistant to machine adaptation or medical regulation.
		       The unpredictable ebb and flow of menstrual cycles,
		       hormones, moods, libido, weight loss or gain, metabolism,
		       ovulation, pregnancy, gestation period, fertility, and
		       natural birth rhythms, have severely tested scientific
		        control and management methods.</p>
                </section>						
		<section id="detournement">
                    <h2>Detournement</h2>
                    <p>SmartMom is a detournement (a tactic used by the
		       situationists to change original meanings of texts or
		       images) of the concept of the Defense Advanced Research
		       Project Agency’s (DARPA) Smart T-Shirt technology, and
		       the cyborg engineering of the body for space travel, as
		       described in Manfred Clynes and Nathan Cline’s article
		       “Cyborgs and Space.”  SmartMom satirically proposes a
		       civilian adaptation of the technology of the Smart
		       T-Shirt as a new means of surveilling the behavior of
		       pregnant women. Although the shirt was originally
		       engineered for remote battlefield wound sensing and to
		       facilitate telepresent surgery for soldiers or space
		       travelers, it was not hard for subRosa to imagine
		       “repurposing” DARPA’s Smart T-Shirt to control women’s
		        productive and reproductive labor.</p>
                </section>
            </article>
            <nav>
              <ul>
                <li><a href="bernard-aspe.html">ASPE</a></li>
                <li><a href="karen-barad.html">BARAD</a></li>
                <li><a href="muriel-combes.html">COMBES</a></li>
                <li><a href="stephane-lupasco.html">LUPASCO</a></li>
                <li><a href="deborah-lupton.html">LUPTON</a></li>
                <li><a href="lynn-margulis.html">MARGULIS</a></li>
                <li><a href="gilbert-simondon.html">SIMONDON</a></li>
                <li><a href="subrosa.html">SUBROSA</a></li>
                <li><a href="etc.html">Etc.</a></li>
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